The cyber threat is no longer limited to your office network and work persona. Adversaries realize that targets are typically more vulnerable when operating from their home network since there is less rigor associated with the
protection, monitoring, and maintenance of most home networks. Home users need to maintain a basic level of network defense and hygiene for both themselves and their family members when accessing the Internet.

Host-Based Recommendations

Windows Host OS

1. Migrate to a Modern OS and Hardware Platform
Both Windows 7 and Vista provide substantial security enhancements over earlier Windows workstation operating systems such as XP. Many of these security features are enabled by default and help prevent many common attack
vectors. In addition, implementing the 64-bit mode of the OS on a 64-bit hardware platform substantially increases the effort of an adversary to attain a system or root compromise. For any Windows-based OS, verify that Windows Update is configured to provide updates automatically.

2. Install a Comprehensive Host-Based Security Suite
A comprehensive host-based security suite provides support for anti-virus, anti-phishing, safe browsing, Host-based Intrusion Prevention System (HIPS), and firewall capabilities. These services work collaboratively to provide a layered defense against most common threats. Several security suites today provide access to a cloud-based reputation service for leveraging corporate knowledge and history of malware and domains. Remember to enable any
automated update service within the suite to keep signatures up-to-date.

3. Limit Use of the Administrator Account
The first account that is typically created when configuring a Windows host for the first time is the local administrator account. A nonprivileged “user” account should be created and used for the bulk of activities conducted on the host to include web browsing, email access, and document creation/editing. The privileged administrator account should only be used to install updates or software, and reconfigure the host as needed. Browsing the web or reading email as an administrator provides an effective means for an adversary to gain persistence on your host. Within Vista or Windows 7, administrative credentials can be easily accessed by right clicking on any application, selecting the “Run as Administrator” option, then providing the appropriate administrator password. Furthermore, all passwords associated with accounts on the host should be at least 10 characters long and be complex (include upper case, lower case, numbers, special characters).

4. Use a Web Browser with Sandboxing Capabilities
Several currently available third party web browsers now provide a sandboxing capability that can contain malware during execution thereby insulating the host operating system from exploitation. Most of these web browsers also provide a feature to auto-update or at least notify you when updates are available for download. Also, promising approaches that move the web browser into a virtual machine (VM) are starting to appear on the market but are not yet ready for mass consumer use.
5. Update to a PDF Reader with Sandboxing Capabilities
A sandbox provides protection from malicious code that may be contained in a PDF file. PDF files have become a popular technique for delivering malicious executables. Several commercial and open source PDF readers now provide sandboxing capabilities as well as block execution of embedded URLs (website links) by default.
6. Migrate to Microsoft Office 2007 or Later
If using Microsoft Office products for email, word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, or database applications, upgrade to Office 2007 or later and its XML format for storing documents. By default, the XML file formats do not execute embedded code when opened within Office 2007 or later products thereby protecting the user from malicious code delivered via Office documents. The Office 2010 suite also provides “Protected View” mode which opens documents in read-only mode thereby potentially minimizing the impact of a malicious file.
7. Keep Application Software Up-to-Date
Most home users do not have the time or patience to verify that all applications installed on their workstation are fully patched and upto- date. Since many applications do not have an automated update feature, attackers frequently
target these applications as a means to exploit a targeted host. Several products exist in the market which will quickly survey the software installed on your workstation and indicate which applications have reached end-of-life,
require a patch, or need updating. For some products, a link is conveniently provided in the report to download the latest update or patch.
8. Implement Full Disk Encryption (FDE) on Laptops
Windows 7 Ultimate as well as Vista Enterprise and Ultimate provide support for Bitlocker Full Disk Encryption (FDE) natively within the OS. For other versions of Windows, third party FDE products are available that will help prevent data disclosure in the event that a laptop is lost or stolen.
Apple Host OS
1. Maintain an Up-to-Date OS
Configure any Mac OS X system to automatically check for updates. When notified of an available update, provide privileged credentials in order to install the update. The Apple iPad should be kept up-to-date as well and requires a physical connection (e.g., USB) to a host running iTunes in order to receive its updates. A good practice is to connect the iPad to an iTunes host at least once a month or just prior to any travel where the iPad will be used.
2. Keep Third Party Application Software Up-to-Date
Periodically check key applications for updates. Several of these third party applications may have options to automatically check for updates. Legacy applications may require some research to determine their status.
3. Limit Use of the Privileged (Administrator Account)
The first account that is typically created when configuring a Mac host for the first time is the local administrator account. A non-privileged “user” account should be created and used for the bulk of activities conducted on the host
to include web browsing, email access, and document creation/editing. The privileged administrator account should only be used to install updates or software, and reconfigure the host as needed. Browsing the web or reading email as an administrator provides an effective means for an adversary to gain persistence on your host.
4. Enable Data Protection on the iPad
The data protection feature on the iPad enhances hardware encryption by protecting the hardware encryption keys with a pass code. The pass code can be enabled by selecting “Settings,” then “General”, and finally “Pass
code.” After the pass code is set, the “Data protection is enabled” icon should be visible at the bottom of the screen. For iPads that have been upgraded from iOS 3, follow the instructions at: http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4175.
5. Implement FileVault on Mac OS Laptops
In the event that a Mac laptop is lost or stolen, FileVault (available in Mac OS X, v10.3 and later) can be used to encrypt the contents of a user’s home directory to prevent data loss.
Network Recommendations
1. Home Network Design
The Internet Service Provider (ISP) may provide a cable modem with routing and wireless capabilities as part of the consumer contract. To maximize the home user’s administration control over the routing and wireless device, deploy a separate personally-owned routing device (a) that connects to the ISP provided router/cable modem. Figure 1 depicts a typical home network configuration that provides the home user with the network infrastructure to
support multiple systems as well as wireless networking and IP telephony services (b).

figure 1

2. Implement WPA2 on Wireless Network
The wireless network should be protected using Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2) instead of
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy). Using current technology, WEP encryption can be broken in minutes (if not seconds) by an attacker, which afterwards allows the attacker to view all traffic passed on the wireless network. It is important to note that older client systems and access points may not support WPA2 and will require a software or hardware upgrade. When researching for suitable replacement devices, ensure that the device is WPA2-Personal certified.
3. Limit Administration to Internal Network
Administration of home networking devicesshould be from the internal-facing network. When given the option, external remote administration should be disabled for network devices. Disabling remote administration
prevents an attacker from changing and possibly compromising the home network.
4. Implement an Alternate DNS Provider
The Domain Name Servers (DNS) provided by the ISP typically don’t provide enhanced security services such as the blocking and blacklisting of dangerous and infected web sites. Consider using either open source or commercial DNS providers to enhance web browsing security.
5. Implement Strong Passwords on all Network Devices
In addition to a strong and complex password on the wireless access point, a strong password
needs to be implemented on any network device that can be managed via a web interface. For instance, many network printers on the market today can be managed via a web interface to configure services, determine job status, and enable features such as email alerts and logging.
Operational Security (OPSEC)/Internet Behavior Recommendations
1. Traveling with Personal Mobile Devices
Many establishments (e.g., coffee shops, hotels, airports, etc.) offer wireless hotspots or kiosks for customers to access the Internet. Since the underlying infrastructure is unknown and security is often lax, these hotspots and
kiosks are susceptible to adversarial activity. The following options are recommended for those with a need to access the Internet while traveling:

a. Mobile devices (e.g., laptops, smart phones) should
utilize the cellular network (e.g., mobile Wi-Fi, 3G or 4G
services) to connect to the Internet instead of wireless
hotspots. This option often requires a service plan with a
cellular provider.
b. Regardless of the underlying network, users can setup
tunnels to a trusted VPN service provider. This option can
protect all traffic between the mobile device and the VPN
gateway from most malicious activities such as monitoring.
c. If using a hotspot is the only option for accessing
the Internet, then limit activities to web browsing. Avoid
accessing services that require user credentials or entering
personal information.
Whenever possible, maintain physical control over mobile devices while traveling. All portable devices are subject to physical attack given access and sufficient time. If a laptop must be left behind in a hotel room, the laptop should be powered down and have Full Disk Encryption enabled as discussed above.

2. Exchanging Home and Work Content Government maintained hosts are generally configured more securely and also have an enterprise infrastructure in place (email filtering, web content filtering, IDS, etc. ) for preventing
and detecting malicious content. Since many users do not exercise the same level of security on their home systems (e.g., limiting the use of administrative credentials), home systems are generally easier to compromise. The forwarding of content (e.g., emails or documents) from home systems to work systems either via email or removable media may put work systems at an increased risk of compromise. For those interactions that are solicited and expected, have the contact send any work-related correspondence to your work email account.
3. Storage of Personal Information on the Internet
Personal information which has traditionally been stored on a local computing device is steadily moving to the Internet cloud. Examples of information typically stored in the cloud include webmail, financial information, and personal information posted to social networking sites. Information in the cloud is difficult to remove and governed by the privacy policies and security of the hosting site. Individuals who post information to these webbased services should ask themselves “Who will have access to the information I am posting?” and “What controls do I have over how this information is stored and displayed?” before proceeding. Internet users should also be aware of personal information already published online by periodically searching for their personal information using popular Internet
search engines.
4. Use of Social Networking Sites
Social networking sites are an incredibly convenient and efficient means for sharing personal information with family and friends. This convenience also brings some level of risk; therefore, social network users should be cognizant of what personal data is shared and who has access to this data. Users should think twice about posting information such as address, phone number, place of employment, and other personal information that can be used to target or harass you. If available, consider limiting access to posted personal data to “friends only” and attempt to verify any new sharing requests either by phone or in person. When receiving content (such as third-party applications) from friends or new acquaintances, be wary that many recent attacks have leveraged the ease with which content is generally accepted within the social network community. This content appears to provide a new capability, when in fact there is some malicious component that is rarely apparent to the typical user. Also, several social networking
sites now provide a feature to opt-out of exposing your personal information to Internet search engines. A good recommendation is to periodically review the security policies and settings available from your social network
provider to determine if new features are available to protect your personal information.
5. Enable the Use of SSL Encryption
Application encryption (also called SSL or TLS) over the Internet protects the confidentiality of sensitive information while in transit. SSL also prevents people who can see your traffic (for example at a public WiFi hotspot) from being able to impersonate you when logging into web based applications (webmail, social networking sites, etc.). Whenever possible, web-based applications such as browsers should be set to force the use of SSL. Financial institutions rely heavily on the use of SSL to protect financial transactions while in transit. Many popular applications such as Facebook and Gmail have options to force all communication to use SSL by default. Most web browsers provide some indication that SSL is enabled, typically a lock symbol either next to the URL for the web page or within the status bar
along the bottom of the browser.
6. Email Best Practices
Personal email accounts, either web-based or local to your host, are common attack targets. The following recommendations will help reduce your exposure to email-based threats:
a. In order to limit exposure both at work and home,
consider using different usernames for home and work
email addresses. Unique usernames make it more difficult
for someone targeting your work account to also target you
via your personal accounts.
b. Setting out-of-office messages on personal email
accounts is not recommended, as this can confirm to
spammers that your email address is legitimate and also
provide awareness to unknown parties as to your activities.
c. Always use secure email protocols if possible when
accessing email, particularly if using a wireless network.
Secure email protocols include Secure IMAP and Secure
POP3. These protocols, or “always use SSL” for web-based
email, can be configured in the options for most email
clients. Secure email prevents others from reading email
while in transit between your computer and the mail server.
d. Unsolicited emails containing attachments or links
should be considered suspicious. If the identity of the
sender can’t be verified, consider deleting the email without
opening. For those emails with embedded links, open your
browser and navigate to the web site either by its wellknown
web address or search for the site using a common
search engine. Be wary of an email requesting personal
information such as a password or social security number.
Any web service that you currently conduct business with
should already have this information.

7. Password Management
Ensure that passwords and challenge responses are properly protected since they provide access to large amounts of personal and financial information. Passwords should be strong, unique for each account, and difficult to guess. A strong password should be at least 10 characters long and contain multiple character types (lowercase, uppercase, numbers, and special characters). A unique password should be used for each account to prevent an attacker from gaining access to multiple accounts if any one password is compromised. Disable the feature that allows programs to remember passwords and automatically enter them when required. Additionally, many online sites make use of password recovery or challenge questions. The answers to these questions should be something that no one else would know or find from Internet searches or public records. To prevent an attacker from leveraging personal information about yourself to answer challenge questions, consider providing a false answer to a fact-based question, assuming the response is unique and memorable.
8. Photo/GPS Integration
Many phones and some new point-and-shoot cameras embed the GPS coordinates for a particular location within a photo when taken. Care should be taken to limit exposure of these photos on the Internet, ensure these photos can only be seen by a trusted audience, or use a third-party tool to remove the coordinates before uploading to the Internet. These coordinates can be used to profile the habits and places frequented for a particular individual, as well as provide near-real time notifications of an individual’s location when uploaded directly from a smart phone. Some
services such as Facebook automatically strip out the GPS coordinates in order to protect the privacy of their users.

Enhanced ProtectionRecommendations
The following recommendations require a higher level of administrative skills to implement and maintain on home networks than the previous recommendations. These recommendations provide additional layers of security but may impact your web browsing experience or require some iteration to adjust settings to the appropriate thresholds.
1. Enhanced Wireless Router Configuration Settings
Additional protections can be applied to the wireless network to limit access. The following security mechanisms do not protect against the experienced attacker, but are very effective against a less experienced attacker.
a. MAC address or hardware address filtering enables the
wireless access point to only allow authorized systems to
associate with the wireless network. The hardware address
for all authorized hosts must be configured on the wireless
access point.
b. Limiting the transmit power of the wireless access
point will reduce the area of operation (signal strength)
of the wireless network. This capability curtails the home
wireless network from extending beyond the borders of a
home (e.g., parking lot or adjacent building).
c. SSID cloaking is a means to hide the SSID, the
name of a wireless network, from the wireless medium.
This technique is often used to prevent the detection of
wireless networks by war drivers. It is important to note
that enabling this capability prevents client systems from
finding the wireless network. Instead, the wireless settings
must be manually configured on all client systems.
d. Reducing the dynamic IP address pool or configuring
static IP addresses is another mechanism to limit access
to the wireless network. This provides an additional layer
of protection to MAC address filtering and prevents rogue
systems from connecting to the wireless network.
2. Disable Scripting Within the Web Browser
If using third party web browsers such as Firefox or Chrome, use NoScript (Firefox) or NotScript
(Chrome) to prevent the execution of scripts from untrusted domains. Disabling scripting can cause usability issues, but is an effective technique to reduce web bourne attacks.
3. Enable Data Execution Prevention (DEP) for all Programs
By default, DEP is only enabled for essential Windows programs and services. Some third party or legacy applications may not be compatible with DEP, and could possibly crash when run with DEP enabled. Any program that requires DEP to execute can be manually added to the DEP exemption list, but this requires some technical expertise.

See the full article from zdnet here>>

The SSID (Service Set IDentifier) is a token which identifies a 802.11 (Wi-Fi) network. The SSID is a secret key which is set by the wireless network administrator. You must know the SSID to connect to a 802.11 wireless network. However, the SSID can be discovered by network sniffing/scanning. By default, the SSID is part of the packet header for every packet sent over the WLAN.

SSID access points continuously broadcast radio signals which are received by client machines if enabled. Based on the automatic or manual configuration, the client can connect to the access point. A SSID is generally 32 bit long, but when displayed to the user, it is projected into a human readable ASCII format. Multiple access points can possibly share same SSID if they are for the same wireless network. Many wireless access points support broadcasting multiple SSIDs, permitting the formation of Virtual Access Points. Such Virtual Access Points partition a single physical access point into many logical access points, each of which can have a special set of security and network settings.

SSID Security Issues

The fact that the SSID is a secret key instead of a public key creates a key management problem for the network administrator. Every user of the network must configure the SSID into their system. If the network administrator seeks to lock a user out of the network, the administrator must change the SSID of the network, which will require reconfiguration of the SSID on every network node. Some 802.11 NICs allow you to configure several SSIDs at one time.

Default SSID’s

Most 802.11 access point vendors allow the use of an SSID of “any” to enable an 802.11 NIC to connect to any 802.11 network. This is known to work with wireless equipment from Buffalo Technologies, Cisco, D-Link, Enterasys, Intermec, Lucent, and Proxim. Other default SSID’s include “tsunami”, “101″, “RoamAbout Default Network Name”, “Default SSID”, and “Compaq”.

Every time a client connects to the wireless network, the SSID is communicated in plain text format, which can easily be sniffed by eavesdropper using sniffing applications like Kismet. Hence, additional security techniques are required to be implemented in order to enhance the wireless security.

Disabling SSID Broadcasting

Many Wireless Access Point (WAP) vendors have added a configuration option which lets you disable broadcasting of the SSID. This adds little security because it is only able to prevent the SSID from being broadcast with Probe Request and Beacon frames. The SSID must be broadcast with Probe Response frames. In addition, the wireless access cards will broadcast the SSID in their Association and Reassociation frames. Because of this, the SSID cannot be considered a valid security tool.

An SSID by any other name

The SSID is also referred to as the ESSID (Extended Service Set IDentifier).

Some vendors refer to the SSID as the “network name.”

source: http://www.topbits.com/ssid.html

A passphrase is a series of letters, characters, or words that can be combined like a password. They are used for many computer programs, to gain access to systems, data, or messages. It is similar to shorter passwords in use, but a passphrase can be as long as 100 characters and offer extra protection when needed. They can be used as a digital signature or to encrypt messages, and are often employed by important systems vulnerable to outside hackers.

Whereas a password is generally 4-16 characters, a passphrase is typically at least 20-40. The common passphrase should be known only to the user, should be long enough to remain difficult, hard to guess, easy to remember, and easy to type quickly and accurately. The passphrase should not be a common phrase or one from literature or culture. It should not be something with obvious meaning to the user or something that can be easily identified, even by people who know the user.

Different passphrases, just like different passwords, possess varying passphrase strengths. This is determined by the length of the phrase, the randomness of the phrase, and its use of characters available in the common lexicon. A phrase such as “IAmTheKingOfTheWorld” would not be good because it is not particularly original or uncommon. Replace the vowels with numbers, or a word with an anagram or a nonsensical string of words, and the phrase becomes more difficult. “I4m7heK1ng0fTheW0r1d,” for example, would be much more difficult.

A passphrase can be easy or difficult to remember, and can be written down. Certain passphrase are made of random groupings of numbers and letters, though a sense of structure makes them easier to remember. One method of formulating a passphrase is called Diceware. This tool is comprised of a list of 7776 short English words, and is determined by rolling dice. With a certain number of corresponding letters for each number on the die, different combinations of letters make different words. These different words can be combined into a phrase with more than 2,000,000,000,000,000,000 possibilities.

The modern idea of the passphrase was invented by Sigmund N. Porter in 1982 as a means of extra protection as computer systems began to enter mainstream culture. Pretty Good Privacy, a popular passphrase method, revolutionized the practice in 1991. Created by Phil Zimmerman in the United States, it was used to encrypt e-mails, and features a public and a private passphrase encryption key. A private key is used to open and send messages personally, and the public key of someone else is used to receive or send messages to them.

source: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-passphrase.htm

Since the inception of wireless networking there have been two types of wireless networks: the infrastructure network, including some local area networks (LANs), and the ad hoc network. Ad hoc is Latin meaning “for this purpose.” Ad hoc networks therefore refer to networks created for a particular purpose. They are often created on-the-fly and for one-time or temporary use. Often, ad hoc networks are comprised of a group of workstations or other wireless devices which communicate directly with each other to exchange information. Think of these connections as spontaneous networks, available to whomever is in a given area.

An ad hoc network is one where there are no access points passing information between participants. Infrastructure networks pass information through a central information hub which can be a hardware device or software on a computer. Office networks, for example, generally use a server to which company workstations connect to receive their information. Ad hoc networks, on the other hand, do not go through a central information hub.

Ad hoc networks are generally closed in that they do not connect to the Internet and are typically created between participants. But, if one of the participants has a connection to a public or private network, this connection can be shared among other members of the ad hoc network. This will allow other users on the spontaneous ad hoc network to connect to the Internet as well.

Ad hoc networks are common for portable video game systems like the Sony PSP or the Nintendo DS because they allow players to link to each other to play video games wirelessly. Some retail stores even create networks within them to allow customers to obtain new game demos via the store’s own ad hoc network.

An ad hoc network can be thought of as a peer-to-peer network for the wireless age. Peer-to-peer or workgroup style networks were used to create a network environment for early Windows computers. This allowed these early computers to connect to each other to exchange information, usually in a smaller office environment without the need for domains and the additional management and overhead that comes with them.

The possibilities with ad hoc networks are quite endless. With connection sharing and other methods to access public or private wired or wireless networks, the reach of an ad hoc network can extend quite far.

source: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-ad-hoc-network.htm

The centerpiece product of many home computer networks is a wireless router. These routers support all home computers configured with wireless network adapters (see below). They also contain a network switch to allow some computers to be connected with Ethernet cables.

Wireless routers allow cable modem and DSL Internet connections to be shared. Additionally, many wireless router products include a built-in firewall that protects the home network from intruders.

Illustrated above is the Linksys WRT54G. This is a popular wireless router product based on the 802.11g Wi-Fi network standard. Wireless routers are small box-like devices generally less than 12 inches (0.3 m) in length, with LED lights on the front and with connection ports on the sides or back. Some wireless routers like the WRT54G feature external antennas that protrude from the top of the device; others contain built-in antennas.

Wireless router products differ in the network protocols they support (802.11g, 802.11a, 802.11b or a combination), in the number of wired device connections they support, in the security options they support, and in many other smaller ways. Generally only one wireless router is required to network an entire household.

A wireless access point (sometimes called an “AP” or “WAP”) serves to join or “bridge” wireless clients to a wired Ethernet network. Access points centralize all WiFi clients on a local network in so-called “infrastructure” mode. An access point in turn may connect to another access point, or to a wired Ethernet router.

Wireless access points are commonly used in large office buildings to create one wireless local area network (WLAN) that spans a large area. Each access point typically supports up to 255 client computers. By connecting access points to each other, local networks having thousands of access points can be created. Client computers may move or “roam” between each of these access points as needed.

In home networking, wireless access points can be used to extend an existing home network based on a wired broadband router. The access point connects to the broadband router, allowing wireless clients to join the home network without needing to rewire or re-configure the Ethernet connections.

As illustrated by the Linksys WAP54G shown above, wireless access points appear physically similar to wireless routers. Wireless routers actually contain a wireless access point as part of their overall package. Like wireless routers, access points are available with support for 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g or combinations.

A wireless network adapter allows a computing device to join a wireless LAN. Wireless network adapters contain a built-in radio transmitter and receiver. Each adapter supports one or more of the 802.11a, 802.11b, or 802.11g Wi-Fi standards.

Wireless network adapters also exist in several different form factors. Traditional PCI wireless adapters are add-in cards designed for installation inside a desktop computer having a PCI bus. USB wireless adapters connect to the external USB port of a computer. Finally, so-called PC Card or PCMCIA wireless adapters insert into a narrow open bay on a notebook computer.

One example of a PC Card wireless adapter, the Linksys WPC54G is shown above. Each type of wireless network adapter is small, generally less than 6 inches (0.15 m) long. Each provides equivalent wireless capability according to the Wi-Fi standard it supports.

Some notebook computers are now manufactured with bulit-in wireless networking. Small chips inside the computer provide the equivalent functions of a network adapter. These computers obviously do not require separate installation of a separate wireless network adapter.

A wireless print server allows one or two printers to be conveniently shared across a WiFi network. Wireless print servers for home networks generally are available in both 802.11b and 802.11g varieties.

Wireless print servers offer the following advantages:

* Allows printers to be conveniently located anywhere within wireless network range, not tied to the location of computers
* Does not require a computer be always turned on in order to print
* Does not require a computer to manage all print jobs, that can bog down its performance
* Allows administrators to change computer names and other settings without having to re-configure the network printing settings.

A wireless print server must be connected to printers by a network cable, normally USB 1.1 or USB 2.0. The print server itself can connect to a wireless router over WiFi, or it can be joined using an Ethernet cable.

Most print server products include setup software on a CD-ROM that must be installed on one computer to complete the initial configuration of the device. As with network adapters, wireless print servers must be configured with the correct network name (SSID) and encryption settings. Additionally, a wireless print server requires client software be installed on each computer needing to use a printer.

The Linksys WPS54G 802.11g USB wireless print server is shown. Print servers are very compact devices that include a built-in wireless antenna and LED lights to indicate status.

A wireless game adapter connects a video game console to a Wi-Fi home network to enable Internet or head-to-head LAN gaming. Wireless game adapters for home networks are available in both 802.11b and 802.11g varieties. An example of an 802.11g wireless game adapter appears above, the Linksys WGA54G.

Wireless game adapters can be connected either to a wireless router using an Ethernet cable (for best reliability and performance) or over Wi-Fi (for greater reach and convenience). Wireless game adapter products include setup software on a CD-ROM that must be installed on one computer to complete initial configuration of the device. As with generic network adapters, wireless game adapters must be configured with the correct network name (SSID) and encryption settings.

A wireless Internet video camera allows video (and sometimes audio) data to be captured and transmitted across a WiFi computer network. Wireless Internet video cameras are available in both 802.11b and 802.11g varieties. The Linksys WVC54G 802.11g wireless camera is shown above.

Wireless Internet video cameras work by serving up data streams to any computer that connects to them. Cameras like the one above contain a built in Web server. Computers connect to the camera using either a standard Web browser or through a special client user interface provided on CD-ROM with the product. With proper security information, video streams from these cameras can also be viewed across the Internet from authorized computers.

Wi-Fi Internet video cameras can be connected to a wireless router using either an Ethernet cable or wirelessly. These products include setup software on a CD-ROM that must be installed on one computer to complete initial Wi-Fi configuration of the device.

Features that distinguish different wireless Internet video cameras from each other include:

* resolution of the captured video images (for example, 320×240 pixel, 640×480 pixel, and other image sizes)
* motion sensors, and the ability to send email alerts when new activity is detected and captured
* ability to timestamp images
* built-in microphones and/or jacks for external microphones, for audio support
* types of WiFi security supported, such as WEP or WAP

A wireless range extender increases the distance over which a WLAN signal can spread, overcoming obstacles and enhancing overall network signal quality. Several different forms of wireless range extenders are available. These products are sometimes called “range expanders” or “signal boosters.” The Linksys WRE54G (compare prices) 802.11g Wireless Range Expander is shown above.

A wireless range extender works as a relay or network repeater, picking up and reflecting WiFi signals from a network’s base router or access point. The network performance of devices connected through a range extender will generally be lower than if they were connected directly to the primary base station.

A wireless range extender connects wirelessly to a WiFi router or access point. However, due to the nature of this technology, most wireless range extenders work only with a limited set of other equipment. Check the manufacturer’s specifications carefully for compatiblity information.

source: http://compnetworking.about.com/od/wireless/ss/wirelessgear.htm

Think about how you access the Internet today. There are basically three different options:

* Broadband access – In your home, you have either a DSL or cable modem. At the office, your company may be using a T1 or a T3 line.

* WiFi access – In your home, you may have set up a WiFi router that lets you surf the Web while you lounge with your laptop. On the road, you can find WiFi hot spots in restaurants, hotels, coffee shops and libraries.

* Dial-up access – If you are still using dial-up, chances are that either broadband access is not available, or you think that broadband access is too expensive.

The main problems with broadband access are that it is pretty expensive and it doesn’t reach all areas. The main problem with WiFi access is that hot spots are very small, so coverage is sparse.

What if there were a new technology that solved all of these problems? This new technology would provide:

* The high speed of broadband service
* Wireless rather than wired access, so it would be a lot less expensive than cable or DSL and much easier to extend to suburban and rural areas
* Broad coverage like the cell phone network instead of small WiFi hotspots

This system is actually coming into being right now, and it is called WiMAX. WiMAX is short for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, and it also goes by the IEEE name 802.16. ­

WiMAX has the potential to do to broadband Internet access what cell phones have done to phone access. In the same way that many people have given up their “land lines” in favor of cell phones, WiMAX could replace cable and DSL services, providing universal Internet access just about anywhere you go. WiMAX will also be as painless as WiFi — turning your computer on will automatically connect you to the closest available WiMAX antenna.

In this article, we’ll find out how WiMAX works, what engineers are doing to make it better and what it could mean for the future of wireless Internet.

WiMAX Wireless Network

In practical terms, WiMAX would operate similar to WiFi but at higher speeds, over greater distances and for a greater number of users. WiMAX could potentially erase the suburban and rural blackout areas that currently have no broadband Internet access because phone and cable companies have not yet run the necessary wires to those remote locations.
wimax tower­
Photo courtesy Intel
WiMAX transmitting tower

A WiMAX system consists of two parts:

* A WiMAX tower, similar in concept to a cell-phone tower – A single WiMAX tower can provide coverage to a very large area — as big as 3,000 square miles (~8,000 square km).

* A WiMAX receiver – The receiver and antenna could be a small box or PCMCIA card, or they could be built into a laptop the way WiFi access is today.

A WiMAX tower station can connect directly to the Internet using a high-bandwidth, wired connection (for example, a T3 line). It can also connect to another WiMAX tower using a line-of-sight, microwave link. This connection to a second tower (often referred to as a backhaul), along with the ability of a single tower to cover up to 3,000 square miles, is what allows WiMAX to provide coverage to remote rural areas.

What this points out is that WiMAX actually can provide two forms of wireless service:

* There is the non-line-of-sight, WiFi sort of service, where a small antenna on your computer connects to the tower. In this mode, WiMAX uses a lower frequency range — 2 GHz to 11 GHz (similar to WiFi). Lower-wavelength transmissions are not as easily disrupted by physical obstructions — they are better able to diffract, or bend, around obstacles.

* There is line-of-sight service, where a fixed dish antenna points straight at the WiMAX tower from a rooftop or pole. The line-of-sight connection is stronger and more stable, so it’s able to send a lot of data with fewer errors. Line-of-sight transmissions use higher frequencies, with ranges reaching a possible 66 GHz. At higher frequencies, there is less interference and lots more bandwidth.

WiFi-style access will be limited to a 4-to-6 mile radius (perhaps 25 square mile­s or 65 square km of coverage, which is similar in range to a cell-phone zone). Through the stronger line-of-sight antennas, the WiMAX transmitting station would send data to WiMAX-enabled computers or routers set up within the transmitter’s 30-mile radius (2,800 square miles or 9,300 square km of coverage). This is what allows WiMAX to achieve its maximum range.

The final step in the area network scale is the global area network (GAN). The proposal for GAN is IEEE 802.20. A true GAN would work a lot like today’s cell phone networks, with users able to travel across the country and still have access to the network the whole time. This network would have enough bandwidth to offer Internet access comparable to cable modem service, but it would be accessible to mobile, always-connected devices like laptops or next-generation cell phones.

WiMAX Coverage and Speed

Intel Paves the Way
Intel will start making their Centrino laptop processors WiMAX enabled in the next two to three years. This will go a long way toward making WiMAX a success. If everyone’s laptop already has it (which is predicted by 2008), it will be much less risky for companies to set up WiMAX base stations. Intel also announced that it would be partnering with a company called Clearwire to push WiMAX even further ahead. Clearwire plans to send data from WiMAX base stations to small wireless modems. See Intel, Clearwire to Accelerate Deployment of WiMAX Networks Worldwide (Oct. 25, 2004).

WiMAX operates on the same general principles as WiFi — it sends data from one computer to another via radio signals. A computer (either a desktop or a laptop) equipped with WiMAX would receive data from the WiMAX transmitting station, probably using encrypted data keys to prevent unauthorized users from stealing access.

The fastest WiFi connection can transmit up to 54 megabits per second under optimal conditions. WiMAX should be able to handle up to 70 megabits per second. Even once that 70 megabits is split up between several dozen businesses or a few hundred home users, it will provide at least the equivalent of cable-modem transfer rates to each user.

The biggest difference isn’t speed; it’s distance. WiMAX outdistances WiFi by miles. WiFi’s range is about 100 feet (30 m). WiMAX will blanket a radius of 30 miles (50 km) with wireless access. The increased range is due to the frequencies used and the power of the transmitter. Of course, at that distance, terrain, weather and large buildings will act to reduce the maximum range in some circumstances, but the potential is there to cover huge tracts of land.

IEEE 802.16 Specifications

* Range – 30-mile (50-km) radius from base station
* Speed – 70 megabits per second
* Line-of-sight not needed between user and base station
* Frequency bands – 2 to 11 GHz and 10 to 66 GHz (licensed and unlicensed bands)
* Defines both the MAC and PHY layers and allows multiple PHY-layer specifications

WiMAX Could Boost Government Security
In an emergency, communication is crucial for government officials as they try to determine the cause of the problem, find out who may be injured and coordinate rescue efforts or cleanup operations. A gas-line explosion or terrorist attack could sever the cables that connect leaders and officials with their vital information networks.

WiMAX could be used to set up a back-up (or even primary) communications system that would be difficult to destroy with a single, pinpoint attack. A cluster of WiMAX transmitters would be set up in range of a key command center but as far from each other as possible. Each transmitter would be in a bunker hardened against bombs and other attacks. No single attack could destroy all of the transmitters, so the officials in the command center would remain in communication at all times.

WiMAX Cost

­ A citywide blanket coverage of wireless Internet access sounds great, but companies aren’t going to go around setting up WiMAX base stations out of sheer kindness. Who’s going to pay for WiMAX?

It depends how it will be used. There are two ways WiMAX can be implemented — as a zone for wireless connections that single users go to when they want to connect to the Internet on a laptop (the non-line-of-sight “super WiFi” implementation), or as a line-of-sight hub used to connect hundreds of customers to a steady, always-on, high-speed wireless Internet connection.

Under the “super WiFi” plan, cities might pay to have WiMAX base stations set up in key areas for business and commerce and then allow people to use them for free. They already do this with WiFi, but instead of putting in a bunch of WiFi hot spots that cover a few hundred square yards, a city could pay for one WiMAX base station and cover an entire financial district. This could provide a strong draw when city leaders try to attract businesses to their area.

Some companies might set up WiMAX transmitters and then make people pay for access. Again, this is similar to strategies used for WiFi, but a much wider area would be covered. Instead of hopping from one hot spot to another, WiMAX-enabled users could have Internet access anywhere within 30 miles of the WiMAX base station. These companies might offer unlimited access for a monthly fee or a “pay as you go” plan that charges on a per-minute or per-hour basis.

The high-speed wireless hub plan has the potential to be far more revolutionary. If you have high-speed Internet access now, it probably works something like this: The cable (or phone) company has a line that runs into your home. That line goes to a cable modem, and another line runs from the modem to your computer. If you have a home network, first it goes to a router and then on to the other computers on the network. You pay the cable company a monthly fee, which reflects in part the expense of running cable lines to every single home in the neighborhood.

WiMAX Technology at Home

Here’s what would happen if you got WiMAX. An Internet service provider sets up a WiMAX base station 10 miles from your home. You would buy a WiMAX-enabled computer or upgrade your old computer to add WiMAX capability. You would receive a special encryption code that would give you access to the base station. The base station would beam data from the Internet to your computer (at speeds potentially higher than today’s cable modems), for which you would pay the provider a monthly fee. The cost for this service could be much lower than current high-speed Internet-subscription fees because the provider never had to run cables.

If you have a home network, things wouldn’t change much. The WiMAX base station would send data to a WiMAX-enabled router, which would then send the data to the different computers on your network. You could even combine WiFi with WiMAX by having the router send the data to the computers via WiFi.

WiMAX doesn’t just pose a threat to providers of DSL and cable-modem service. The WiMAX protocol is designed to accommodate several different methods of data transmission, one of which is Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP). VoIP allows people to make local, long-distance and even international calls through a broadband Internet connection, bypassing phone companies entirely. If WiMAX-compatible computers become very common, the use of VoIP could increase dramatically. Almost anyone with a laptop could make VoIP calls.

source: http://www.howstuffworks.com/wimax.htm

Question: Is 5 GHz Wireless Network Hardware Better than 2.4 GHz?
Wireless computer network equipment typically uses radio signals in either a 2.4 GHz range or a 5 GHz range. These numbers are advertised prominently on product packaging, but their meaning is often misunderstood. Is 5 GHz network hardware better than 2.4 GHz hardware just because it carries a bigger number?

Answer: No. 5 GHz hardware offers a few advantages over 2.4 GHz hardware, but in practice, 2.4 GHz is usually the better choice for home and other wireless local networks.
GHz and Network Speed
The GHz range of a wireless radio only partially relates to the speed of a wireless network. For example, 802.11a Wi-Fi hardware runs at 5 GHz but supports the same maximum data rate of 54 Mbps as standard 802.11g network that run at 2.4 GHz.

A 5 GHz network can carry more data than a 2.4 GHz network assuming the electric power to the higher frequency radios is maintained at a higher level. However, some 802.11g network products match and even exceed this potential speed advantage of 5 GHz 802.11a by utilizing a pair of radios instead of one, increasing capacity up to 108 Mbps under the right conditions.

Advantage: Both

GHz and Network Range
The higher the frequency of a wireless signal, the shorter its range. Thus, 2.4 GHz networks cover a substantially larger range than 5 GHz wireless networks. In particular, the higher frequency wireless signals of 5 GHz networks do not penetrate solid objects nearly as well as do 2.4 GHz signals, limiting their reach inside homes.

Advantage: 2.4 GHz.

GHz and Network Interference
You may notice your cordless phone, automatic garage door opener, or other home appliance also advertises 2.4 GHz signals on its packaging. Because this frequency range is commonly used in consumer products, it’s more likely a 2.4 GHz home network will pick up interference from appliances than will a 5 GHz home network.

Advantage: 5 GHz

GHz and Cost
Some people mistakenly believe 5 GHz network technology is newer or somehow more innovative than 2.4 GHz. In fact, both types of signaling have existed for many years and are both proven technologies.

802.11g Wi-Fi products that run at 2.4 GHz tend to cost less than 802.11a Wi-Fi products not because 802.11g is obsolete or less capable, but because 802.11g is much more popular and thus economical for manufacturers to support.

Advantage: 2.4 GHz

5 GHz vs 2.4 GHz – The Bottom Line
5 GHz and 2.4 GHz are different wireless signaling frequencies that each have advantages for computer networking. Higher frequency networks are not necessarily superior to lower frequency ones, however. So-called dual band hardware combines the best of both types of hardware by integrating both types of radios into the product.

source: http://compnetworking.about.com/od/wirelessfaqs/f/5ghz-gear.htm

Computer networks for the home and small business can be built using either wired or wireless technology. Wired Ethernet has been the traditional choice in homes, but Wi-Fi wireless technologies are gaining ground fast. Both wired and wireless can claim advantages over the other; both represent viable options for home and other local area networks (LANs).

Below we compare wired and wireless networking in five key areas:

* ease of installation
* total cost
* reliability
* performance
* security

About Wired LANs
Wired LANs use Ethernet cables and network adapters. Although two computers can be directly wired to each other using an Ethernet crossover cable, wired LANs generally also require central devices like hubs, switches, or routers to accommodate more computers.

For dial-up connections to the Internet, the computer hosting the modem must run Internet Connection Sharing or similar software to share the connection with all other computers on the LAN. Broadband routers allow easier sharing of cable modem or DSL Internet connections, plus they often include built-in firewall support.
Installation
Ethernet cables must be run from each computer to another computer or to the central device. It can be time-consuming and difficult to run cables under the floor or through walls, especially when computers sit in different rooms. Some newer homes are pre-wired with CAT5 cable, greatly simplifying the cabling process and minimizing unsightly cable runs.

The correct cabling configuration for a wired LAN varies depending on the mix of devices, the type of Internet connection, and whether internal or external modems are used. However, none of these options pose any more difficulty than, for example, wiring a home theater system.

After hardware installation, the remaining steps in configuring either wired or wireless LANs do not differ much. Both rely on standard Internet Protocol and network operating system configuration options. Laptops and other portable devices often enjoy greater mobility in wireless home network installations (at least for as long as their batteries allow).
Cost
Ethernet cables, hubs and switches are very inexpensive. Some connection sharing software packages, like ICS, are free; some cost a nominal fee. Broadband routers cost more, but these are optional components of a wired LAN, and their higher cost is offset by the benefit of easier installation and built-in security features.
Reliability
Ethernet cables, hubs and switches are extremely reliable, mainly because manufacturers have been continually improving Ethernet technology over several decades. Loose cables likely remain the single most common and annoying source of failure in a wired network. When installing a wired LAN or moving any of the components later, be sure to carefully check the cable connections.

Broadband routers have also suffered from some reliability problems in the past. Unlike other Ethernet gear, these products are relatively new, multi-function devices. Broadband routers have matured over the past several years and their reliability has improved greatly.
Performance
Wired LANs offer superior performance. Traditional Ethernet connections offer only 10 Mbps bandwidth, but 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet technology costs little more and is readily available. Although 100 Mbps represents a theoretical maximum performance never really achieved in practice, Fast Ethernet should be sufficient for home file sharing, gaming, and high-speed Internet access for many years into the future.

Wired LANs utilizing hubs can suffer performance slowdown if computers heavily utilize the network simultaneously. Use Ethernet switches instead of hubs to avoid this problem; a switch costs little more than a hub.
Security
For any wired LAN connected to the Internet, firewalls are the primary security consideration. Wired Ethernet hubs and switches do not support firewalls. However, firewall software products like ZoneAlarm can be installed on the computers themselves. Broadband routers offer equivalent firewall capability built into the device, configurable through its own software.

About Wireless LANs
Popular WLAN technologies all follow one of the three main Wi-Fi communication standards. The benefits of wireless networking depend on the standard employed:

* 802.11b was the first standard to be widely used in WLANs.
* The 802.11a standard is faster but more expensive than 802.11b; 802.11a is more commonly found in business networks.
* The newest standard, 802.11g, attempts to combine the best of both 802.11a and 802.11b, though it too is more a more expensive home networking option.

Installation
Wi-Fi networks can be configured in two different ways:

* “Ad hoc” mode allows wireless devices to communicate in peer-to-peer mode with each other.
* “Infrastructure” mode allows wireless devices to communicate with a central node that in turn can communicate with wired nodes on that LAN.

Most LANs require infrastructure mode to access the Internet, a local printer, or other wired services, whereas ad hoc mode supports only basic file sharing between wireless devices.

Both Wi-Fi modes require wireless network adapters, sometimes called WLAN cards. Infrastructure mode WLANs additionally require a central device called the access point. The access point must be installed in a central location where wireless radio signals can reach it with minimal interference. Although Wi-Fi signals typically reach 100 feet (30 m) or more, obstructions like walls can greatly reduce their range.
Cost
Wireless gear costs somewhat more than the equivalent wired Ethernet products. At full retail prices, wireless adapters and access points may cost three or four times as much as Ethernet cable adapters and hubs/switches, respectively. 802.11b products have dropped in price considerably with the release of 802.11g, and obviously, bargain sales can be found if shoppers are persistent.
Reliability
Wireless LANs suffer a few more reliability problems than wired LANs, though perhaps not enough to be a significant concern. 802.11b and 802.11g wireless signals are subject to interference from other home applicances including microwave ovens, cordless telephones, and garage door openers. With careful installation, the likelihood of interference can be minimized.

Wireless networking products, particularly those that implement 802.11g, are comparatively new. As with any new technology, expect it will take time for these products to mature.
Performance
Wireless LANs using 802.11b support a maximum theoretical bandwidth of 11 Mbps, roughly the same as that of old, traditional Ethernet. 802.11a and 802.11g WLANs support 54 Mbps, that is approximately one-half the bandwidth of Fast Ethernet. Furthermore, Wi-Fi performance is distance sensitive, meaning that maximum performance will degrade on computers farther away from the access point or other communication endpoint. As more wireless devices utilize the WLAN more heavily, performance degrades even further.

Overall, the performance of 802.11a and 802.11g is sufficient for home Internet connection sharing and file sharing, but generally not sufficient for home LAN gaming.

The greater mobility of wireless LANs helps offset the performance disadvantage. Mobile computers do not need to be tied to an Ethernet cable and can roam freely within the WLAN range. However, many home computers are larger desktop models, and even mobile computers must sometimes be tied to an electrical cord and outlet for power. This undermines the mobility advantage of WLANs in many homes.
Security
In theory, wireless LANs are less secure than wired LANs, because wireless communication signals travel through the air and can easily be intercepted. To prove their point, some engineers have promoted the practice of wardriving, that involves traveling through a residential area with Wi-Fi equipment scanning the airwaves for unprotected WLANs. On balance, though, the weaknesses of wireless security are more theoretical than practical. WLANs protect their data through the Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) encryption standard, that makes wireless communications reasonably as safe as wired ones in homes.

No computer network is completely secure and homeowners should research this topic to ensure they are aware of and comfortable with the risks. Important security considerations for homeowners tend to not be related to whether the network is wired or wireless but rather ensuring:

* the home’s Internet firewall is properly configured
* the family is familiar with the danger of Internet “spoof emails” and how to recognize them
* the family is familiar with the concept of “spyware” and how to avoid it
* babysitters, housekeepers and other visitors do not have unwanted access to the network

Conclusion
You’ve studied the analysis and are ready to make your decision. Bottom line, then, which is better – wired or wireless? The table below summarizes the main criteria we’ve considered in this article. If you are very cost-conscious, need maximum performance of your home system, and don’t care much about mobility, then a wired Ethernet LAN is probably right for you.

If on the other hand, cost is less of an issue, you like being an early adopter of leading-edge technologies, and you are really concerned about the task of wiring your home or small business with Ethernet cable, then you should certainly consider a wireless LAN.

source: http://compnetworking.about.com/cs/homenetworking/a/homewiredless.htm

The age of the Internet has brought through some of the most important innovations in terms of convenience of accessing information, transferring information around the world, and more importantly, being able to ‘head shot’ someone from the other side of the globe (in games of course). It has created entirely new genres of games, programs, and services. The speeds we access this information has also skyrocketed.

From the age of the hardware modems of 56kbps to the new era of broadband offering speeds of over 3 mbps (and more) at affordable costs that make it available to the home user (1 mbps is approx. 1000 kilobytes per second). But people have still, and for the most part, been wired down by their internet connections. This is where the wireless revolution is has come in to play.

Recently I purchased a home wireless router using the new IEEE 802.11g standard in an attempt to try and find a solution to have the flexibility of moving my networked electronics around my home. Of course I jumped at the chance to try out a Wireless Broadband Adapter for the Xbox, and I have been using one for over a year now. So how does wireless stack up against a wired setup? Here are the pros and cons of each set-up.
The Wired Network Approach

Alright, I know there are quite a number of readers who have this kind of setup at home. I used to be on of them. This is the traditional setup for any network that exists and all networks contain at least in some part a wired portion contained within. But is this really a practical solution for home user? Let’s see some of the Pros and Cons of this type of setup.

The Pros to a Wired Network

* Cost
Although it can be somewhat expensive wiring the entire house, it is still the most inexpensive solution in terms of networking, which makes it very appealing.
* Reliability
If everything is connected correctly in terms of wiring, you should hardly ever run into a problem on the cabling end.
* Speed
Although wireless has made a great improvement from the 802.11b standard to 802.11g, it still cannot match the speeds that are now being introduced by new advancements in cabling technology. With speeds now hitting around 10 gigabits per second with category 6 cabling, wireless can not keep up at the moment.

The Cons to a Wired Network

* Setup
Let’s face it, not everyone is a network professional and if you try to setup up a network at home and have no clue at what your doing, your going to run into problems.
* Lack of mobility / flexibility
By far one of the biggest cons of the wired setup. The need to have a cable to access the internet everywhere in the house can cause problems and wiring nightmares.
* Wiring messes
I don’t know about most people but I already have enough wires running behind my computer and my entertainment system and any way I could reduce it would be welcomed. And if you want to connect something without a nearby network jack, running a long cable to your Xbox or PC is not the most appealing thing for guests to see.

The Wireless Network Approach

Wireless has been around for a considerable amount of time in comparison to how long the Internet’s been around. However, it has only been a valid option for home users in the past several years. The wireless movement in North America has just begun and promises a great deal, but is it truly the best options for us? Maybe some of these Pros and Cons might shed some light on the subject.

The Pros to a “Wireless” Network

* Mobility
By far the biggest advantage. Being able to access the internet from any location inside and out side the home is a huge advantage.
* Setup
Even those without a great deal of networking experience can set a wireless network. Just plug the wireless router or base station into the modem and wireless PC or console can connect to the internet with little or no effort.
* Lack of mess
Without any wires it provides the tidiest solution of all the networking possibilities.

The Cons to a “Wireless” Network

* Speed
It still cannot compare to the speeds that are available to the wired networks, but it is getting closer every day.
* Reliability
Wireless networks are still more susceptible to inference than their wired counterparts. While I have been fortunate in having a good strong connection, I have still experienced the odd disconnect from time to time. However, it is important to note that in my experience, your router selection and configuration plays a big part in this.
* Cost
The biggest drawback of the wireless solution. It is still fairly expensive to go wireless but costs have been gradually decreasing.

For the average home user the wired network is the favored network set-up, simple and cost effective. But more and more home users need to be able to move their laptops around to places where network cables cannot run. While this is ideal for a business network, the home environment is completely different and needs to be less restricted.

The wireless solution offers mobility but at a cost of reliability and expense. So which of the two is the better choice? That’s for the you to decide.

source: http://vgstrategies.about.com/od/faq/a/gamesnetworking.htm

Everyone has a different system for keeping their home networks secure. And by “secure” I mean “safe from cheapskate neighbors looking to poach some free Internet.”

Some users rely on their router’s WPA encryption capabilities, while others employ MAC address filtering. Some do both. I’m not wild about either approach, as they involve a lot of hoop-jumping when I need to add new PCs and devices to the network.

Instead, I’m a fan of invisibility. I’ve taken the simple step of turning off my router’s SSID broadcasting, effectively making my network invisible to the neighbors. Hey, they can’t steal what they don’t know is there, right?

If you’ve ever detected an unfamiliar network in your own home or, say, the local coffee shop, you know what I mean. Stray Wi-Fi router signals are bouncing all over the place. But a PC can see these networks only because of SSID broadcasting. Turn it off, and it’s like the router isn’t even there.

Of course, it’s there for your PCs and Internet-connected devices. So how do you connect them to an invisible network? Just enter the network name manually. In Vista, for example, head to the Network and Sharing Center, click Set up a connection or network, and then choose Manually connect to a wireless network. Enter your network’s name (as designated in the router) and you’re good to go. You should also check Start this connection automatically so you don’t have to repeat this process, and Connect even if the network is not broadcasting to overcome Vista’s natural resistance to invisible networks.

If you don’t know how to turn off your router’s SSID broadcasting, check the manual. In my D-Link router, the setting is actually called Visibility Status; your mileage may vary.

This is by no means a bulletproof security solution. I’m sure many users will call me foolish, reckless, and other choice words. But because I have suburbia-oriented security needs, I don’t feel the need for encryption, filtering, and other heavy-handed measures.

source: http://www.pcworld.com/article/158356/stop_internet_poachers_from_stealing_your_wifi.html